The Future of Architecture: “Form Follows Function” in the Age of AI

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Architectural forms often draw inspiration from a variety of sources, whether organic or inorganic, such as natural elements or abstract concepts like movement or light. However, their true success lies in revealing a building’s function, particularly in spaces intended for public use where circulation and purpose must be clear. Distinct forms also have the power to embody the identity and philosophy of the organizations they house, transforming buildings into symbols that reflect the missions and values of the communities or institutions they represent.

In contemporary practice, architects are continuously exploring how form and function can coexist harmoniously, building on Louis Sullivan’s famous principle, “form follows function,” which emphasizes that a building’s design should emerge from its purpose. For instance, modern buildings often incorporate innovative shapes, materials and structural features that are both visually striking and highly functional. Simultaneously, the use of cutting-edge technologies like AI-driven design or parametric modeling allows for the creation of fluid, non-traditional forms that still serve their intended purpose efficiently.

This harmonious balance between creative architectural forms and building function is evident in the remarkable case studies featured below. These projects showcase how architects integrate innovative design with practical requirements, achieving a synthesis of aesthetic vision and usability. By examining these case studies, we can gain deeper insights into how modern architecture continues to push boundaries while remaining rooted in purpose.

Harmonizing Form and Function: Case Studies in Contemporary Architectural Design

Ascentage Pharmaceutical Headquarters by OLI Architecture, Suzhou, China | Photos by Xiaobin Lv; Shen Zhonghai

Ascentage Pharmaceutical Headquarters is a 1.58 million square foot (146,786 square meter) modern R&D and manufacturing complex for a Hong Kong-listed pharmaceutical company. Symbolizing Ascentage’s cutting-edge cancer research, the state-of-the-art campus was created using advanced digital design and fabrication tools. The site’s 15-acre layout features high-tech labs and advanced manufacturing facilities, all illuminated by abundant natural light through its translucent roof.

Seven curvilinear buildings are elevated above a glass base, floating over a reflecting pool. The 262-foot (80-meter) tall R&D and Administration building stands as an iconic symbol at the busy southwest corner near a new subway station. The design of the complex draws inspiration from the benzene ring, a chemical molecular formula representing the planar bonds of six carbon and hydrogen molecules.

The hexagonal form is intricately integrated into the façade of each building, where it is parametrically folded around the seven distinct volumes. The façades, crafted using Ultra High Strength Concrete panels and custom anodized aluminum nodes and extrusions, reflect this molecular structure, achieving an optimal balance of visual transparency and privacy. This unique design establishes a new identity for Ascentage and highlights its promising future.

Louisiana Music and Heritage Experience Museum by EskewDumezRipple, New Orleans, Louisiana | Popular Choice Winner, Architecture +AI, 12th Annual A+Awards

The 120,000-square-foot (11,148 square meter) Louisiana Music and Heritage Experience Museum celebrates New Orleans’ musical legacy at a prime Downtown location across from the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center. Designed as a state-of-the-art cultural hub, the museum will feature exhibit spaces, a performance theater, research archives, a rooftop terrace, event areas, a lobby, a museum store, classrooms, a music club and a restaurant. Positioned as the anchor of the $1 billion River District redevelopment, it aims to revitalize a former industrial area near the Convention Center and Central Business District.

Unlike regional museums that focus on specific genres, this museum will offer a unified narrative of Louisiana’s diverse musical traditions, from jazz and zydeco to hip-hop and rock, celebrating the cultural richness shaped by the State’s history and people. The design draws directly from musical instruments, using AI tools like Midjourney to create conceptual vignettes from images of musical instruments and lighting descriptions. By experimenting with the profiles and forms of these instruments, the team developed architectural elements that capture the interplay of light and shadow, translating musical intricacies into the building’s design.

Still in the concept phase, the museum is gathering community support and conducting feasibility studies. Advocates like Kirk Joseph of the Dirty Dozen Brass Band highlight its significance in honoring New Orleans’ profound global influence on music.

Transforming Architecture: How AI Tools Shape Form and Function

Zhuhai Jinwan Civic Art Center by Zaha Hadid Architects, Zhuhai, China | Photos by Virgile Simon Bertrand

AI tools are transforming how architects approach form generation by offering unprecedented flexibility and creativity in design. Traditionally, manual design processes, material capabilities and time constraints limited the shaping of architectural forms. However, with AI-driven platforms like Midjourney, Grasshopper or generative design software, architects can now rapidly explore and experiment with innovative and complex forms that are visually striking and functionally efficient, like the examples featured above.

These tools enable architects to input parameters like building function, environmental factors, structural constraints and aesthetic preferences. Based on these criteria, AI generates a diverse array of unique, intricate forms, opening up new possibilities for creative expression.

010 Building by Clouds Architecture Office, Fukuoka, Japan | GION, Yashiro Photo Office

The 010 Building in Fukuoka is a striking example of how form and function are seamlessly integrated to achieve successful architectural design. Its distinct geometry responds to the building’s internal programs and frames the surrounding views, creating a dynamic and varied spatial experience. Designed to reflect the city’s vibrant energy, the building’s central element — a multi-purpose immersive theater — is elevated, allowing the ground level to connect seamlessly with the urban landscape and riverside. Its form, made up of symmetrically stacked square masses rotated 45 degrees, is wrapped in a spiraling stainless steel curtain, giving the structure no defined front or back. The curtain exposes the interior from every angle, evoking a sense of fluid motion. Its reflective metal surface amplifies this effect by shifting with the weather and light, enhancing the experience for both passersby and those within the building.

Whether drawing inspiration from organic or inorganic forms, AI tools can translate these inspirations into functional architectural forms. AI tools have ultimately opened new possibilities in form generation, pushing the boundaries of contemporary architecture and leading to structures that are distinct, expressive, and aligned with a building’s identity and purpose.

Achieving a Balance Between Artistic Expression and Functional Efficiency

AI is fundamentally transforming building design, influencing every stage from concept generation to material selection and user experience. Tools like Midjourney and parametric design software enable architects to craft unique forms that not only embody the identity and philosophy of the organizations they serve but also push the boundaries of contemporary architecture.

While some critics argue that a focus on striking architectural forms may compromise functionality, proponents counter that innovative designs, when thoughtfully executed with advanced technology, can result in structures that are visually striking and functionally efficient. Case studies like the Ascentage Pharmaceutical Headquarters, the Louisiana Music and Heritage Experience Museum, the Zhuhai Jinwan Civic Art Center, and the 010 Building illustrate how AI tools can achieve a successful balance between creativity and practicality to achieve a harmonious and effective architectural outcome.

Architizer is thrilled to announce the world' best architecture firms in 2024, all winners of the 12th Annual A+Awards! Want to get your firm in the running next season? Stay up to date by subscribing to our A+Awards Newsletter. 

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